What you should know about Albania, information that you didn’t know until now (2024)

Albania is a country in Southeastern Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south. To the west, Albania has a coastline along the Adriatic Sea, and to the southwest, it has a coastline along the Ionian Sea. The capital city of Albania is Tirana.

Albania has a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The coastal areas, including the western lowlands along the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, experience milder temperatures compared to the interior. Summers in the lowlands are generally hot and dry, often with temperatures exceeding 30°C (86°F), while winters are mild and relatively wet.
The mountainous regions of Albania, such as the Albanian Alps in the north, contribute to a more varied climate. Higher elevations experience cooler temperatures, and snowfall is common during the winter months. In the interior, including areas with higher altitudes, the climate can be more continental, with more distinct seasonal variations.
Overall, Albania’s climate is diverse due to its topographical variations, including coastal plains, lowlands, and mountainous terrain, contributing to a range of temperature and precipitation patterns across the country.

Albania is known for several cultural, historical, and natural features. Here are some notable aspects for which Albania is recognized:
Historical Sites: Albania has a rich history, and its territory is home to various archaeological sites and historical landmarks. Notable sites include the ancient city of Butrint (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), the medieval town of Gjirokastër, and the ancient city of Apollonia.
Natural Beauty: The country boasts diverse landscapes, including stunning coastlines along the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, as well as picturesque mountains such as the Albanian Alps. The Valbona Valley and Theth National Park are popular destinations for nature lovers.
Hospitality and Warmth: Albanians are known for their hospitality and friendliness. Visitors often comment on the welcoming nature of the people and the sense of community.
Bunkers: One unique feature of Albania’s landscape is the presence of thousands of bunkers. Built during the communist era under Enver Hoxha, these bunkers were intended for defense but are now scattered across the country, serving as a reminder of its history.
Culinary Traditions: Albanian cuisine reflects the country’s Mediterranean influences. Dishes often include a variety of fresh and locally sourced ingredients, with an emphasis on grilled meats, vegetables, and dairy products. Fergesë, Tavë Kosi, and Byrek are some traditional Albanian dishes.
Religious Diversity: Albania is known for its religious tolerance and diversity. It is home to a mix of religious communities, including Muslims, Christians (both Orthodox and Catholic), and smaller religious groups. This diversity is a testament to the country’s history and cultural openness.
Isolation during Communist Era: Albania was one of the most isolated countries in the world during the communist regime led by Enver Hoxha from the end of World War II until the early 1990s. This period of isolation has left a unique imprint on the country’s history and development.
Language: The Albanian language is one of the oldest languages in the world and has its own distinct branch within the Indo-European language family.
Albania’s combination of history, natural beauty, and cultural richness makes it an intriguing destination for those seeking a unique and authentic experience.

Albanians are known for their hospitality, warmth, and a strong sense of community. Here are some characteristics often associated with the Albanian people:
Hospitality: Albanians are often praised for their hospitality. It is common for guests to be treated with great generosity, and visitors may find themselves invited into homes for meals or celebrations.
Friendliness: Albanians are generally friendly and welcoming. They often appreciate meeting new people and are open to interactions with both locals and visitors.
Strong Family and Community Ties: Family plays a central role in Albanian culture. The concept of extended family is strong, and there is often a close-knit community feel, particularly in smaller towns and villages.
Patriotism: Many Albanians have a strong sense of national pride and patriotism. This can be attributed to the country’s history, which includes a struggle for independence and the preservation of cultural identity.
Resilience: Albania has faced various challenges throughout its history, including periods of isolation and political changes. The resilience of the Albanian people is often cited as a characteristic that has helped them overcome difficulties.
Cultural Diversity: Despite a common national identity, there is diversity within Albania, including regional variations in customs, traditions, and dialects. This diversity adds richness to the overall culture.
Religious Tolerance: Albania is known for its religious tolerance. The population includes a mix of religious communities, and historically, different religious groups have coexisted peacefully.
Hardworking: Many Albanians are known for their work ethic and determination, traits that have been important in rebuilding the country after the challenges of the past.
It’s important to note that these characteristics are generalizations, and individual personalities can vary widely. Albania’s history, geographical diversity, and cultural influences contribute to the complexity of its society. As with any culture, it’s advisable to approach generalizations with an awareness of individual differences.

Albania is generally considered a safe country for travelers. It has made significant progress in terms of safety and security over the years. However, it’s essential to keep in mind that the situation can change, and it’s always advisable to check for the most recent travel advisories and updates.
Key points to consider regarding safety in Albania:
Low Crime Rate: Albania has a relatively low crime rate compared to some other European countries. Violent crime is rare, and petty crime is generally not a significant concern. However, as with any destination, it’s wise to take basic precautions, such as safeguarding belongings and being aware of your surroundings.
Road Safety: If you plan to drive in Albania, be aware that road conditions and driving habits may differ from what you are accustomed to. Exercise caution, especially on mountainous roads.
Political Stability: Albania has undergone significant political changes in the past, but it has achieved a level of stability in recent years. Political demonstrations are infrequent, and the country has been working towards European integration.
Natural Disasters: Albania is prone to earthquakes, and while serious incidents are rare, it’s advisable to be aware of evacuation routes and follow local authorities’ guidance in case of seismic activity.
Health Precautions: Ensure you are up-to-date on routine vaccinations, and consider any specific health precautions recommended for the region. It’s also advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies.
Local Customs and Laws: Familiarize yourself with local customs and laws to ensure a respectful and trouble-free visit. Albania is known for its hospitality, but being aware of cultural norms is always beneficial.
While these general observations are meant to provide an overview, it’s crucial to check the latest travel advisories from reliable sources, such as your government’s travel department or international organizations. Local conditions can change, and up-to-date information will help you make informed decisions about your travel plans.

Albania offers a variety of destinations that showcase its rich history, stunning landscapes, and cultural diversity. Some of the main destinations in Albania include:
Tirana: The capital and largest city of Albania, Tirana is a vibrant and dynamic city with a mix of modern and historical attractions. Visit Skanderbeg Square, the National Museum of History, and the vibrant Blloku district for a taste of urban life.
Berat: Known as the “City of a Thousand Windows” or “The White City,” Berat is a UNESCO World Heritage Site famous for its well-preserved Ottoman architecture. The castle and old town are particularly picturesque.
Gjirokastër: Another UNESCO World Heritage Site, Gjirokastër is a historic town with a well-preserved Ottoman bazaar, cobblestone streets, and a castle offering panoramic views of the surrounding area.
Butrint: An ancient city and archaeological site, Butrint is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The ruins include a well-preserved amphitheater, a Roman temple, and a Baptistery from the 6th century.
Ksamil: This coastal village near Sarandë is known for its beautiful beaches and crystal-clear waters. Ksamil is also close to the Butrint National Park, making it an excellent destination for both beach lovers and history enthusiasts.
Sarandë: A popular coastal town on the Ionian Sea, Sarandë offers a lively atmosphere, a seaside promenade, and proximity to attractions like the ancient city of Butrint.
Valbona Valley National Park: Located in the Albanian Alps, this national park is known for its stunning landscapes, including dense forests, mountain peaks, and the Valbona River. It’s a haven for hikers and nature lovers.
Theth: Nestled in the Albanian Alps, Theth is a remote and picturesque village surrounded by high mountain peaks. It’s a great base for hiking and exploring the natural beauty of the region.
Dhermi: A coastal village known for its beautiful beaches and clear waters, Dhermi is a popular destination for relaxation and water activities.
Krujë: Famous for its historical significance, Krujë is home to Krujë Castle and the Skanderbeg Museum, dedicated to the national hero Skanderbeg.
These destinations showcase the diverse offerings of Albania, combining historical sites, natural beauty, and a warm cultural experience. Whether you’re interested in history, outdoor activities, or simply enjoying the seaside, Albania has something to offer.

The history of Albania is complex and has been shaped by various civilizations, empires, and geopolitical changes over the centuries. Here is a broad overview of the history of the state of Albania:
Ancient and Classical Periods:
Illyrians: The region that is now Albania was inhabited by the Illyrians, an ancient Indo-European people, before the Roman conquest. Illyrian tribes had a decentralized political structure.
Roman and Byzantine Rule:
Roman Empire: In 168 BCE, the Romans conquered Illyria, and the territory became part of the Roman Empire. It was later incorporated into the Byzantine Empire after the division of the Roman Empire in the 4th century.
Ottoman Empire:
Ottoman Conquest: The Ottoman Turks conquered Albania in the late 14th century. The country remained under Ottoman rule for nearly four centuries.
National Hero Skanderbeg: Gjergj Kastrioti, known as Skanderbeg, led a rebellion against the Ottomans in the 15th century, achieving notable military successes. However, after his death in 1468, the Ottomans reestablished control.
Independence and Interwar Period:
Declaration of Independence: On November 28, 1912, Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
Treaty of London (1913): The Great Powers recognized Albania’s independence in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars. The country’s borders were defined by the Treaty of London in 1913.
Interwar Period and Italian Occupation:
Monarchy: Albania became a principality with a monarchy, and various leaders ruled the country during the interwar period.
Italian Invasion (1939): Italy invaded Albania in 1939, leading to the establishment of an Italian protectorate. During World War II, the country experienced occupation by various forces, including Italy and Germany.
Communist Era:
Enver Hoxha: After World War II, communist partisans, led by Enver Hoxha, emerged victorious. Hoxha established a communist government aligned with the Soviet Union but later pursued a policy of isolationism and broke ties with the Soviets in 1961.
Totalitarian Rule: Albania under Hoxha’s leadership experienced a repressive and isolationist regime, marked by the construction of thousands of bunkers and severe restrictions on personal freedoms.
Post-Communist Era:
End of Communism (1991): The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe led to protests and the fall of the communist regime in Albania in 1991.
Transition to Democracy: Albania underwent a process of democratization and economic reforms in the 1990s, transitioning from a socialist state to a multi-party democracy.
Kosovo Conflict (late 1990s): Albania played a role in the Kosovo conflict, providing support to ethnic Albanians in Kosovo during the Yugoslav Wars.
Recent History:
European Integration: Albania has sought closer ties with the European Union (EU) and NATO, aiming for membership in both organizations.
Political and Social Challenges: The country has faced challenges related to political stability, corruption, and economic development in the post-communist era.
This historical overview provides a glimpse into Albania’s rich and varied past, encompassing ancient civilizations, foreign invasions, independence struggles, and the challenges of the modern era. The country continues to evolve in the context of global and regional developments.